3 results
The EFPT-PSUD survey
- I. Rojnic Palavra, L. Orsolini, M. Potocan, Q. Diego, M. Martens, J. Levola, L. Grichy, T.M. Gondek, M. Casanova Dias, M. Pinto da Costa, S. Tomori, S. Mullerova, E. Sonmez, M. Borovcanin, V. Banjac, P. Marinova, I.K. Pakutkaitė, J. Kuiters, A.L. Popescu, E. Biskup, S. Naughton, A. San Roman Uria
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S482-S483
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- Article
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Introduction
Although psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD) belong to the domain of mental health, their management varies greatly among European countries. Furthermore, both the role of psychiatrists and trainees in the treatment of PSUD is not the same for each European country.
AimsAmong the context of the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT), the PSUD Working Group has developed a survey that has been spread out between the 15th of august 2015 and 15th of October 2016, at the aim of gathering information about the training in PSUD in Europe, both from Child and Adolescent, and General Adult Psychiatric (CAP and GAP) trainees.
ObjectivesThe survey investigated, at European level, the organisation of the PSUD training, trainees satisfaction, attitudes towards people who use psychoactive substances, management of pharmacologic and involvement in common clinical situations.
MethodsA 70-items questionnaire regarding the aforementioned objectives was developed, and shared trough an online data-collecting system among European CAP and GAP trainees, with 40 trainees per country filling the survey in at least 25 countries. One national coordinator per country facilitated the delivering of the survey.
ResultsA total of 1250 surveys were filled from more than 25 European countries.
ConclusionsData from the survey will be promptly analysed.
The survey will be the first to explore European psychiatric trainees attitudes and practices about PSUD. Findings from this independent survey may serve in understanding the needs of trainees in the field of substance misuse psychiatry.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
3 - Volcanic ash fall hazard and risk
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- By S.F. Jenkins, University of Bristol, UK, T.M. Wilson, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, C. Magill, Macquarie University, Australia, V. Miller, Geoscience Australia, Australia, C. Stewart, Massey University, New Zealand, R. Blong, Aon Benfield, Australia, W. Marzocchi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy, M. Boulton, University of Bristol, UK, C. Bonadonna, University of Geneva, Switzerland, A. Costa, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
- Edited by Susan C. Loughlin, Steve Sparks, University of Bristol, Sarah K. Brown, University of Bristol, Susanna F. Jenkins, University of Bristol, Charlotte Vye-Brown
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- Book:
- Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 24 July 2015, pp 173-222
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Summary
Executive summary
All explosive volcanic eruptions generate volcanic ash, fragments of rock that are produced when magma or vent material is explosively disintegrated. Volcanic ash is then convected upwards within the eruption column and carried downwind, falling out of suspension and potentially affecting communities across hundreds, or even thousands, of square kilometres. Ash is the most frequent, and often widespread, volcanic hazard and is produced by all explosive volcanic eruptions. Although ash falls rarely endanger human life directly, threats to public health and disruption to critical infrastructure services, aviation and primary production can lead to potentially substantial societal impacts and costs, even at thicknesses of only a few millimetres. Communities exposed to any magnitude of ash fall commonly report anxiety about the health impacts of inhaling or ingesting ash (as well as impacts to animals and property damage), which may lead to temporary socio-economic disruption (e.g. evacuation, school and business closures, cancellations). The impacts of any ash fall can therefore be experienced across large areas and can also be long-lived, both because eruptions can last weeks, months or even years and because ash may be remobilised and re-deposited by wind, traffic or human activities.
Given the potentially large geographic dispersal of volcanic ash, and the substantial impacts that even thin (a few mm in thickness) deposits can have for society, this chapter elaborates upon the ash component of the overviews provided in Chapters 1 and 2. We focus on the hazard and associated impacts of ash falls; however, the areas affected by volcanic ash are potentially much larger than those affected by ash falling to the ground, as fine particles can remain aloft for extended periods of time. For example, large portions of European airspace were closed for upto five weeks during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, in 2010 because of airborne ash (with negligible associated ash falls outside of Iceland). The distance and area over which volcanic ash is dispersed is strongly controlled by wind conditions with distance and altitude from the vent, but also by the size, shape and density of the ash particles, and the style and magnitude of the eruption. These factors mean that ash falls are typically deposited in the direction of prevailing winds during the eruption and thin with distance. Forecasting ash dispersion and the deposition ‘footprint' is typically achieved through numerical simulation.
Infestation rates of the pedunculated barnacle Octolasmis lowei (Cirripedia: Poecilasmatidae) on the spider crab Libinia spinosa (Decapoda: Majoidea)
- C.A.M.M. Cordeiro, T.M. Costa
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 90 / Issue 2 / March 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 August 2009, pp. 315-322
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The prevalence and infestation intensities of Octolasmis lowei in the branchial chambers of Libinia spinosa were evaluated according to the host's sex, size, and moult condition. Epibionts were classified as cyprid larvae, non-ovigerous or ovigerous according to their developmental stage. A median intensity of infestation of 21 epibionts/host was found (range = 1–644; Q3 = 81). Epibiont prevalence values (88%) were higher on ovigerous female hosts than on males (55%) or on non-ovigerous females (31%). Intensity of infestation was positively correlated with host size in both sexes for non-ovigerous and ovigerous epibionts. No preference between host sex by cyprid larvae was observed, nor any correlation between cyprid abundance and host size. Cyprid larvae abundance was positively correlated with settled epibionts on both host sexes. The duration of the intermoult phase was the main factor linked to the establishment of sessile epibionts. These observations are important in relation to crabs that have a terminal moult, because these animals cannot eliminate their epibionts in future moults, thus increasing the importance of density-dependent mechanisms on epibiont establishment; in that way, prevalence of infestation alone can underestimate the real impact of infestation on the host's life cycle.